Electrospun nanofibrous mats have recently been employed as drug reservoirs for their unique features, such as high surface-to-volume ratios and easy fabrication process. We describe herein various methods of fabricating drug- and gene-encapsulated nanofibrous meshes, which can be prepared by electrospinning. The electrospinning process of nanofibrous mats is affected by many parameters, including viscosity and ejection speeds of the polymeric solutions and the electrical potential applied to the system.